Afirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affimative Action affirmatory action is a plan to offset past discrimination in employing and educating women, blacks, and other minorities. It is the governments modality of apologizing to ethnic groups for the injustices they have suffered. Affirmative action is supposed to husband liberty and to improve race transaction, precisely it is actu in ally worsening them. It is not helping short(p) blacks it is primarily helping well-to-do blacks. More effective programs should be implemented to take the place of affirmative action.Minorities have been victims of the worst crime, the removal of God-given rights, but this country fought a bloody civil war to ensure those rights for all citizens. The Fourteenth Amendment gives all citizens the same privileges, but affirmative action gives preferential treatment to minorities. Minorities are citizens and should be treated as such they should not be treated as dependent outcasts.The government is forcing institutions of higher educat ion to give up their demands of honesty in order to fulfill quotas. When admissions directors should be reading college essays, expression at GPAs, and reviewing recommendations, they are focusing on the applicants gender or race. This is offensive toward all citizens. They should be judged on merit whether they are black or white, cryptical or poor, male or female. Minorities can be accepted into a college on merit, but fellow students will look down on them, persuasion they have received preferential treatment. The same thing occurs in the workforce, antagonism builds toward minorities, and race relations worsen.Affirmative action contradicts the Constitution and the American dream. The Constitution says everyone has represent privileges, and the American dream drives us to use those privileges to success.Afirmative Action essays research papers Affimative ActionAffirmative action is a plan to offset past discrimination in employing and educating women, blacks, and other mi norities. It is the governments way of apologizing to ethnic groups for the injustices they have suffered. Affirmative action is supposed to preserve liberty and to improve race relations, but it is actually worsening them. It is not helping poor blacks it is primarily helping well-to-do blacks. More effective programs should be implemented to take the place of affirmative action.Minorities have been victims of the worst crime, the removal of God-given rights, but this country fought a bloody civil war to ensure those rights for all citizens. The Fourteenth Amendment gives all citizens the same privileges, but affirmative action gives preferential treatment to minorities. Minorities are citizens and should be treated as such they should not be treated as dependent outcasts.The government is forcing institutions of higher education to give up their demands of excellence in order to fulfill quotas. When admissions directors should be reading college essays, looking at GPAs, and review ing recommendations, they are focusing on the applicants gender or race. This is offensive toward all citizens. They should be judged on merit whether they are black or white, rich or poor, male or female. Minorities can be accepted into a college on merit, but fellow students will look down on them, thinking they have received preferential treatment. The same thing occurs in the workforce, antagonism builds toward minorities, and race relations worsen.Affirmative action contradicts the Constitution and the American dream. The Constitution says everyone has equal privileges, and the American dream drives us to use those privileges to success.

Darwin and Gambles Debate Essay -- Nathaniel Hawthorne The Birthmark

Darwin and put on the lines Debate Nathaniel Hawthornes The Birthmark gives a human face to Darwin and Gambles academic debate concerning natural selection. In the story, Georgiana has a birthmark on her cheek that has been visible her entire life, but was just starting to agitate her husband, Aylmer. He used science to successfully rid his married woman of the birthmark, but the procedure was fatal. The process that the couple went through appears to be a response to the theory of natural selection, with her death as the ultimate conclusion. This essay depart examine the theory, the story, and the link between them.While Darwin and Gambles theses contain multiple inclinations and have multiple conclusions, the most important of them is the notion of natural selection. In Descent of Man, Darwin summarizes his argument by saying, through the contest of rival malesand from the general struggle for lifethe characters gained will have been transmitted to the offspring. (Darwin 6). I t is contended that change among a given species is spontaneous (and normal), and sometimes the change is good (insofar as it adds a positive trait or traits to the organism), and sometimes it is bad. Those organisms with good changes will be fit to gather food and cling to offspring, and those that are less fit will be less apt to do this. Extending the logic of this statement, the fit will survive, and the weak will die. The argument of whether or not one gender has become superior to another within the same species is irrelevant to Natural Selection. However, Darwin and Gamble bring this dispute to each of their various(prenominal) works. Since they agree on the original concept of the survival of the fittest, their disagreements are reconcilable. Darwin crea... ...t is my contention that the operation of the theory of natural selection to society and humanity is relatively unimportant, when compared with the application of the theory to evolution. Hawthornes The Birthmark wa s a very timely interpretation of the events surrounding the emergence of the theory of natural selection. It shows the reader that the academic debate between Darwin and Gamble has a human face, and that all of us can learn from Aylmers mistake, and Aminadabs nobility. Works Cited1. Darwin, Charles. Sexual Selection in Relation to Man. The Descent of Man. New York Prometheus Books, 1998. 576-586.2. Gamble, Eliza Burt. The Supremacy of the Male. The Sexes in Science and History. New York G.P. Putnam Sons, 1916. 74-92.3. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Birthmark. Anthology of American Literature. New York McMillan, 1985. 1159-1169.

Bruce Lee info Essay examples -- essays research papers

What is Jeet Kune Do?Simply put, its English translation is "way of the intercepting fist." Bruce studies all types of combat from American Boxing to Thai Kickboxing. His simple philosophy was rather than block a punch and hit back with two distinct motions, why non intercept and hit in one, fluid stroke. Fluidity was the ideal. "Try and obtain a nicely-tied package of water," Bruce would taunt. "Just like water, we must keep moving on," Inosanto reitterates. "For erstwhile water stops, it becomes stagnant." Water, Bruce would always give as an example, is the toughtest thing on Earth. It is virtually indestructable it is soft, yet it can tear rocks apart. Move like water. Bruce dissected rigid pure disciplines and rebuilt them with fluid, po-mo improvements. "Its good but it needs restructuring," he would say. Classical techniques did not take into account the reality of street fighting. Jeet Kune Do did. It was pragmatic, reality-based, empirical- not a bunch of stances, postures and mumbo gargantuan handed down from antiquity. Bruce utilized all ways but was bound by none. "Efficiency is anything that scores."      What happened with the Martial Arts movie industry after the death of Bruce Lee?After Bruces death, the Martial Arts movie industry boomed, hundreds of look-alike Bruces began to try out to make Martial Arts movies. They even used resembling names, like Bruce Le, and Bruce L...

Great Expectations: Lessons on Life and Love :: Great Expectations Essays

dandy Expectations  Lessons on Life and Love         Great Expectations is merely timeless. It is nigh all the things that life is about how relatives can be loving, or abusive, how people can choose their own families how a woman might be operate to destroy her child, or give her child away how people may be corrupt, may be redeemed how your upbringing defines your character, and how you may rise higher up or embrace that definition and how, finally, love is a choice.             Great Expectations, written by Charles Dickens, is a moral book, without any clear moral directives. Its language is beautiful, its patch compelling, its characters complex and complete. People, Dickens tells us, are not always what they reckon. Not simply because theyve disguised or hidden or renamed themselves, like Magwitch not solitary(prenominal) because those who seem most beautiful may be, in fact, most terrible , like Estella. People are not always what they seem because people are never only one thing. The wretched Mrs. Joe becomes nearly lovable after her injury Mrs. Havisham melts (before she burns) Magwitch in trouble terrorizes Pip, but in prosperity is his benefactor Wemmicks character is dependent on his location there is a hint that even Estella, at last, is not as brightly cold as her name and nature suggests and, of course, Pip is at first good, and then snobbish and profligate, and then, finally, good. Money changes everything except human nature. Human beings change not for the better, and not for the worse, and not permanently. People change, then change back. Their changes do not necessarily make them happy. That is the human condition.             That was a memorable day for me, says Pip, after first visiting Satis House, for it made great changes in me. But it is the aforementioned(prenominal) with any life. Imagine one selecte d day struck out of it, and think how different its course would have been. Pause, you who read this, and think for a moment of the wide chain of iron or gold, of thorns or flowers, that would never have bound you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day. Great Expectations is no less instructive for not being morally definite. That first link will change you, as the circumstances of your childhood will. It is your own province (I believe Dickens says) to change yourself inwardly as you are changed outwardly.

America and Size :: History Sociology Essays

America and Size Somewhere between the struggle for American independence and the first billion sales of the Big Mac, Americans became obsessed with size. From movies to sexuality, and from cars to cholesterol, super-sizing is an American trend that invades to the highest degree of society. The reasons why are threefold, but primarily the American coercion with size is an extension of the frontier-mentality. The notion of the American dream and the tendency of Americans to try and find the best deal has also played an integral role. One of the most interesting aspects of Bigger is Better trend is the lack of academic work related to it while there is no shortage of analysis on opposite common American fixations like aliens and Madonna. A lack of academic analysis does not mean that it cannot be analyzed, and it certainly doesnt mean that it isnt prevalent. One of the most obvious examples of a preoccupation with size in America comes from the Centers for Disease Control and the Mayo Clinic. According their records, there were about 678 million outpatient, non-emergency visits to doctors offices in 1999, and approximately 2 million of those were consultations for cosmetic surgery, the most popular of which was breast augmentation. Of the 158 million outpatient procedures, at least 2 million were cosmetic breast augmentation. When this data is cross-referenced with health restitution coverage of cosmetic surgery (which is almost non-existent), it becomes apparent that the number of outpatient visits and surgeries would be higher if they were covered by medical insurance (Outpatient Surgery Statistical pinch 11, 15, 16, 72). The convention of breast augmentation is a directly and explicitly observable tribute to the American mentality of bigger-is-better. Another manifestation involving physical appearance involves fingernail fashions. Vicki Vantoch of the Washington game wrote Fingernail Fashion Choices on December 28th, 1999. She compares many of the fin gernail fashions she encountered to chopsticks, and marveled at how one of the subjects, a Rite Aid cashier, managed counting money and bagging with 2 inch talons. She concluded, we organize fingernail fashion choices based on our cultural aesthetics, values, social classes and ideas about our roles in society. (Vantoch C04). Perhaps the value she refers to is the same one that won MorePenis.com (a site devoted to products that accept to increase penis-size) millions of unique hits since its 1999 inception (Marquee West). Just like the early Americans who explored the vast untamed wilderness of the west, modern Americans have given a whole stark naked meaning to the Monroe Doctrine by expanding their own borders with larger breasts, longer fingernails and bigger penises.

America and Size :: History Sociology Essays

America and Size Somewhere between the struggle for American independence and the first one million million sales of the Big Mac, Americans became obsessed with size of it. From movies to sexuality, and from cars to cholesterol, super-sizing is an American trend that invades more or less of society. The reasons why are threefold, but primarily the American obsession with size is an extension of the frontier-mentality. The purpose of the American dream and the tendency of Americans to try and find the best deal has also played an integral role. One of the most interesting aspects of Bigger is split trend is the lack of academic work related to it while there is no shortage of analysis on other common American fixations kindred aliens and Madonna. A lack of academic analysis does not mean that it cannot be analyzed, and it certainly doesnt mean that it isnt prevalent. One of the most obvious examples of a preoccupation with size in America comes from the Centers for Disease Cont rol and the Mayo Clinic. According their records, there were about 678 million outpatient, non-emergency visits to doctors offices in 1999, and approximately 2 million of those were consultations for cosmetic functioning, the most popular of which was breast augmentation. Of the 158 million outpatient procedures, at least 2 million were cosmetic breast augmentation. When this data is cross-referenced with health insurance coverage of cosmetic surgery (which is almost non-existent), it becomes apparent that the number of outpatient visits and surgeries would be higher if they were covered by medical insurance (Outpatient Surgery Statistical Abstract 11, 15, 16, 72). The convention of breast augmentation is a directly and explicitly observable tribute to the American mentality of bigger-is-better. Another manifestation involving physical appearance involves fingernail fashions. Vicki Vantoch of the Washington Post wrote Fingernail Fashion Choices on celestial latitude 28th, 1999. She compares many of the fingernail fashions she encountered to chopsticks, and marveled at how one of the subjects, a Rite Aid cashier, managed counting money and bagging with 2 inch talons. She concluded, we make fingernail fashion choices based on our cultural aesthetics, values, social classes and ideas about our roles in society. (Vantoch C04). Perhaps the value she refers to is the same one that won MorePenis.com (a site devoted to products that claim to increase penis-size) millions of unique hits since its 1999 start (Marquee West). Just like the early Americans who explored the vast untamed wilderness of the west, modern Americans have given a whole new meaning to the Monroe Doctrine by expanding their own borders with larger breasts, longer fingernails and bigger penises.

Evaluating Loch Of Skene Incineration Plant Environmental Sciences Essay

The aim of this papers is to measure the environmental affect and execute a risk of infection appraisal of a MSW incineration works edifice undertaking for a metropolis with 100,000 population near the Loch of Skene, Aberdeenshire.As rack uping that mean MSW arising in UK is 509 kilogram per person per twelvemonth, a 50,000 system of measurement hemorrhoid per annum incineration induction is required, with a 60 m tallness deal, and a edifice terra firma of approx. 3,500 M2 and a entire terra firma return of 4 hour angle. The lower calorific value of MSW should be at least 7MJ/kg, mass firing engineering will be use with a personal chattel grating, the one-year sum of beetle off for incineration should be no less than 50,000 metric oodles.Loch of Skene is an unreal lake set 15 kilometer West of Aberdeen in Scotland. It is designated as a Particular Protection Area for wildlife preservation intents. The proposed MSW incineration works will be surrounded by several small town speoples and the Westhill metropolis 2.5 kilometer off. The proposed incineration works whitethorn hold an inauspicious consequence on the air quality within a big country, contaminate dirt, harvests and exercise a noxious to health encroachment on a great figure of people. It can besides upset or even destruct really sensitive ecosystems of the Loch of Skene.Based on the in a higher place mentioned statements, it is recommended that the proposed incineration works should be moved to the bing landfill, ( Crows Nest Landfill Site, Banchory, an one-year capacity of 74,000 metric tons ) , where the evidences already exist far from communities and would non upset them because it would hold the same impact as the landfill operation before it would besides cut down the cost. It is besides recommended that the incineration part should be applied in waste-to-energy engineerings. The pollutant fake engineering should be applied to assure sums of discharges based on the contaminatio n barroom and Control ( Scotland ) Regulations 2000.Number of words used 3316. Excluding Submission sheet, Table of Contents, List of telephone numbers, List of Tables and References.Table OF CONTENTS1 INTRODUTION 51.1 Loch of Skene perspective 51.2 Loch of Skene Environment 51.3 Incineration Plant Location 71.4 MSW arising and incineration in Scotland 72 INCINERATION LEGISLATION 92.1 Environmental Licensing 92.2 Techniques & A engineering applied 92.3 Public engagement 92.4 savage Incineration Regulations 93 INCINERATION PLANT 103.1 Incineration engineerings 103.2 cogency recovery from waste 113.3 Pollution lessening engineerings 113.4 Main residuary stuffs managing 113.5 Incineration works cost 123.6 Incineration workss with energy recovery in Scotland 124 environmental IMPACT ASSESSMENT 134.1 Air and Land 134.2 Water 135 SWOT/PEST Analysis 146 risk of exposure ASSESSMENT 157 CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS 177.1 Decision 177.2 Recommendations 178 Mentions 19List OF FIGURESF igure 1.1 Loch of Skene berth 5Figure 2.1 Loch of Skene 6Figure 3.1- Waste Management Facilities. Incinerators ( Scotland ) 10Figure 4.1 Hazard appraisal matrix 15Figure 5.1 Waste Management Facilities Landfill ( Scotland ) 18List OF TABLESTable 1.1 MSW originating in Scotland 7Table 2.1 Waste inputs to incinerators & A co-incinerators 8Table 3.1 Waste incinerated in Scotland 8Table 4.1 Energy efficiency for incineration 11Table 5.1 -Outputs from incineration processes 12Table 6.1 -SWOT/PEST analysis 14INTRODUTIONLoch of Skene locationThe Loch of Skene is located ab come forth 15 km West of Aberdeen in Scotland. It is a shoal ( 2 m deep ) , and little ( an country of 1.2 km2 ) lowland loch.Figure 1.1 Loch of Skene locationAdministratively, the Loch of Skene is located in the Garioch commission country in Aberdeenshire. The country is largely agricultural and strongly affected by Aberdeen economic system. Several small towns ( Dunecht, Echt, Lyne of Skene, Kirkton of Sken e ) and Westhill town ( 10392 dad ) ( 1 ) argon located near the Loch. Now, the loch is used for sailing by the Aberdeen and Stonehaven Yacht Club, from April boulder clay June.Loch of Skene EnvironmentThe loch of Skene has inland H2O organic structures with stand up H2O and waterlogged lakeshores. The loch is surrounded with deciduous and cone-bearing forest. During fall and winter the loch supports an internationally of import roost of Iceland Graylag cat and Icelandic Whooper Swan. This place qualifies under Article 4.1 of the Directive ( 79/409/EEC ) as back uping populations of the undermentioned European of import migratory species ( Whooper Swan and Graylag Goose ) listed in Annex 1 of the Directive ( 2 ) .A recent JNCC ( 3 ) study states thatWhooper Swan 203 persons stand foring up to 3.7 % of the wintering population in GB and Graylag Goose, 10840 persons stand foring up to 10.8 % of the wintering Iceland/UK/Ireland population. The Loch of Skene is indicated as a Site o f Special Scientific pursuance ( SSSI ) , Special Protected Area ( SPA ) and Ramsar Site.Figure 2.1 Loch of SkeneThe loch is alimentary rich, which consequences from sewerage installations and agricultural beginnings. The natural ecology has been disturbed by inputs of foods, chie gasify from the four Burnss that drain their catchments. Water quality in the Loch of Skene is Class 2, which convey it has been significantly altered by humankind activities ( 16 ) .Incineration Plant LocationThe Company has proposed installing of an incineration works for the metropolis with a population of 100,000 near the Loch of Skene. In Scotland, in 2008/09, Municipal Solid Waste ( MSW ) coevals was 3,288.069 metric tons ( 4 ) . local anesthetic governments collected 29.1 MM metric tons of MSW in England and 1.8 MM metric tons in Wales during 2006/07. This included 25.9 MM metric tons of waste from families ( 1.6 MM metric tons in Wales ) that is approx. half of metric ton or 509 kilograms per individual every twelvemonth, so 100,000 population will bring forth in mean 50,900 ton/year of MSW. And this requires a 50,000 metric tons per annum incineration installation with a 60 m stack tallness, a edifice country of approx. 3,500 M2 and a entire land return of 4 hour angle ( 5 ) .MSW arising and incineration in ScotlandMunicipal solid waste originating in Scotland in 2008/09 was 3.29 MMton. This is the lowest value in a period of 2004-2009. In 2003, the Scots Executive set a mark that any growing in municipal waste should discontinue by 2010 ( 4 ) . Data in the tabular array below install the general tendency of MSW originating and bespeak a decrease of MSW achieved in 2004/5 and 2008/9 by 3.5 % .Table 1.1 MSW originating in ScotlandIncineration and co-incineration workss received about 336,000 metric tons of waste in 2008, Table 2.1. Municipal waste makes up 26.2 % of the entire waste. It should be noted that 14,000 metric tons of refuse-derived fuels were sent to Englan d for incineration in 2008. In 2008, on that point were two municipal waste incinerators with energy recovery in Scotland ( Dundee and Shetland Islands ) .Table 2.1 Waste inputs to incinerators & A co-incineratorsA SEPA ( 4 ) study provinces that, In 2008, 119,000 metric tons ( 35 % ) were recovered and 217,000 metric tons ( 65 % ) were disposed. This was an addition of 82,000 metric tons over 2007. Between 2004 and 2008, there was an addition of 82,000 metric tons ( 220 % ) in the sum of waste recovered. ( p.28 )Table 3.1 Waste incinerated in ScotlandINCINERATION LEGISLATIONEnvironmental LicensingIncineration installations are a topic of environmental licensing demands as Part A installings under the Pollution Prevention and Control ( Scotland ) Regulations 2000.The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive ( IPPC ) requires portion A installings to run in such a manner that all encumbrance steps are satisfyn against pollution, in peculiar through the application of the best available techniques, and to guarantee that no important pollution is caused ( 8 )In conformity with the SEPA policy, an applicant must confer with with SEPA at a every early phase on the nature of the environmental licence required.Techniques & A engineering science appliedThe chief footing for finding the appropriate criterions that should be applied in a PPC license is known as the best available techniques ( BAT )The PPC ( 11 ) ordinances define this as, the most effectual and advanced phase in the culture of activities and their methods of operation, which indicates practical suitableness of peculiar techniques for supplying in chief the footing for emanation bound set designed to envision and, where that is non operable, by and large to cut down emanations and the impact on the environment as a whole. ( p.2 )Public engagementHarmonizing to the Public involvement Directive ( 10 ) , a waste thermic intervention works application shall be capable to heighten public engagement. This involves public audience on the application when it is received by SEPA and farther public audience when SEPA has come to any determination on a bill of exchange PPC license.Waste Incineration RegulationsThe Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive ( 96/61/EC ) was established to forestall or understate emanations into the air, H2O, and dirt, every bit good as waste ( 8 ) .The Waste Incineration ( Scotland ) Regulations ( SSI2003/170 ) introduce rigorous regulative controls, whereby all emanations are invariably monitored, and minimal proficient demands for waste incinerator have been established ( 9 ) .The Public Participation Directive ( 2003/35/EC ) requires that the application and determination papers for a waste intervention installing license must be made available to the populace for their remark ( 10 ) .Incineration PLANTIncineration engineeringsAt present, approximately 96 % of MSW generated in Scotland are disposed of in landfills, and staying MSW is incinerated with energy recovery. Harmonizing to the Landfill Directive ( 12 ) , it a pre-treatment operation is required prior to a presidential term of waste. The recreation of these stuffs is one of the most important challenges confronting the direction of MSW in Scotland.Figure 3.1- Waste Management Facilities. Incinerators ( Scotland ) right away there are three chief engineerings available for MSW incineration.Grate TechnologiesTraveling Grate ( The Roller Grate, the stepped Inclined Grate, Inclined Counter-Rotating Grate )Fixed Grates these are a series of stairss with waste being moved by a series of random-access memoriesFluidised BedBubbling Fluidised Bed the air flow is sufficient to call up the bed and supply good contact with the wasteGo arounding Fluidised Bed the air flow for this type of unit is higher and therefore atoms are carried out of the burning chamber by the fluke gas.Rotary Kiln incineration in a rotary kiln is usually a two phase proc edure dwelling of a kiln and separate secondary burning chamber.Energy recovery from wasteIncineration procedures are designed to retrieve energy from waste processed by bring forthing electricity and/or warmness to be used on berth and exported off localize. Useful energy that can be generated from an incineration works utilizing a boiler to bring forth steam is presented in the tabular array below ( 13 ) .End productsEfficiencyUseHeat merelyUp to 80-90 % thermic efficiencyLocal territory warming for edifices ( residential, commercial ) and or for industrial procedures electricity14-27 %Can be supplied to the national grid for sale and distributionHeat and powerDependant on specific demand for heat and power confederacy of the aboveTable 4.1 Energy efficiency for incinerationPollution lessening engineeringsA common attack to command emanations is as followsAmmonia injection into hot flue gases to command nighttime emanationsLime or Na hydrogen carbonate injection to command SO2 and HCLCarbon injection to capture heavy metalsA filter system to take fly ash and other solids ( calcium hydroxide or hydrogen carbonate and C )Electrostatic precipitators and scrubbersThe control of CO, VOCs and dioxins in footings of their concentration is chiefly though right burning conditions being maintained. Typically the weight of Air Pollution Control Residues ( APCR ) produced will be around 2-6 % of the weight of the waste come ining the incinerator ( 13 ) .Main residuary stuffs managingThe tabular array below shows the cardinal end products from incineration procedures ( 13 ) .End productsStateMeasure by weight of original wasteRemarkIncinerator underside ash ( IBA )Solid residue20-30 % possible usage as aggregative replacing or non biodegradable, not risky waste for disposalMetallic elementsRequires separation from MSW or IBA2-5 %Sold for re-smeltingAPC residues ( including fly ash, agents and waste H2O )Solid residue/liquid2-6 %Hazardous waste for disposalEmissions to atmosphereGaseous70-75 %Cleaned burning merchandisesTable 5.1 -Outputs from incineration proceduresIncineration works costCapital costs of an incinerator are extremely dependent on the quality of waste to be processed, engineering employed and its location. The costs will consist those associated with the purchase of the incinerator works, and besides costs for land procurance and readying prior to edifice and besides indirect costs, such as planning, allowing, contractual support and proficient and fiscal services over the development rhythm.Examples of incineration works capital costs are provided below50,000 tpa ?25m136,000 tpa ?35m265,000 tpa ?51mIncineration workss with energy recovery in ScotlandPresently the UK has 19 incinerators in operation processing MSW. In 2005-2006, they processed approx 2.8 MM tones of MSW per annum produced in England. As illustrations of incinerators with energy recovery in Scotland there are Dundee ( 14 ) and Shetland ( 15 ) Waste to Energy Plants .DERL Waste to Energy Plant, Dundee ( 120,000tpa ) .Value ?35 MMConstruction period 140 hebdomadsYear completed 1999The works consumes 2.2 MW for in-house burden and exports 8.2 MW to the grid. 10.5 MW are produced by a individual steam turbine generator.Shetland Waste to Energy Plant, Shetland Islands ( 26,000tpa )Project period 1994-200Client Shetland Island CouncilInvesting Turnkey contract approx 100 MM DKKHeating consequence 7 MWThe works consists of a fire render boiler with a supply temperature of 1150C. Further, 100 % chilling capacity is installedENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTAir and LandMSW incinerators are normally fed with a assorted waste flow and combustion of such waste leads to risky substances ab initio present within the waste being mobilised into releases from the incineration works. Whatever control engineering is applied, all types of incineration consequence in releases of noxious substances as ashes and in gases to air. These substances comprise heavy meta ls, assorted organic compounds, such as dioxins, furans, H fluoride, and C dioxide. Therefore, for the continuance of incineration, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ( dioxins ) and dibenzofurans ( furans ) , hexachlorobenzene ( HCB ) , and polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCB ) may be by relegate generated and released. Pollutants that are emitted into the ambiance from incinerator stack, every bit good as ephemeral emanations, may be deposited on the dirt near to the incinerator and pollute the local environment.Since the country environing the Loch of Skene is largely agricultural, it may impact the productiveness and quality of agricultural merchandises ( dirt and harvests taint ) . These pollutants including dioxins and PCBs may besides be transported to great distances by air currents. awake(p) stock may besides take in pollutants, mostly through feeding of contaminated flora.The Loch of Skene is indicated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) , Special Protected Area ( SPA ) and Ramsar Site with an of import roost of Iceland Graylag Goose and Icelandic Whooper Swan. An incineration works during the building and operating stages may destruct these comparatively little and sensitive ecosystems.All types of incinerators produce dioxin. Dioxin causes wellness jobs including malignant neoplastic disease, altered sexual development, generative jobs, and suppression of the immune system, diabetes and hormonal effects.WaterWater pollution may originate during the building and operation stages of the proposed incinerator. The major subscriber of H2O pollution for the continuance of development comes from deposits transported to streams ensuing from dirt eroding and disposal of sewerage from the building cantonment and site office. After completion and commissioning of the works, sewerage from the works countries and waste H2O watercourse from chilling H2O powderpuff down, rinsing and seepage storage cavity may be the major beginnings of H2O pollution. Since there are godforsaken H2O intervention workss build in Dunecht and Lyne of Skene and these discharge foods to the Kinnernie and Kirktonbridge Burnss, which later drain into the loch, the Loch of Skene is considered to be at high hazard of neglecting to accomplish good ecological position. Water quality in the Loch of Skene is Class 2, which mode it has been significantly altered by human activities ( 16 ) .SWOT/PEST AnalysisSWOT/PESTEL analysisStrengthFailingsOpportunitiesMenacesPoliticalUK authorities support on development new incineration installationsLocal councils may objectDevelop local assetsEconomicLong-run contract to bringing of waste to incineration worksHigh investing costMonetary values of energy from waste incinerators have to fixed by gov.Inability to pay the full intervention feeSocialIntroduce new occupations to country adjoin on local agreeablenessBuild visitant Centre to enable local groups to see works and larn dallier about incineration procedure expostu lation and protest from concerned citizensTechnicalSignificantly cut down the sum of waste to be landfilledMeasure and quality of wasteUse waste-to-energy engineering suffering working waste direction systemEnvironmentalHigh degree of emanations criterionsAir emanations, noise, dust, smellIntroduce environmental systems and control to assist bolster motion picturePoor works directionTable 6.1 -SWOT/PEST analysisRISK ASSESSMENTThe rule of hazard appraisal is to measure the possible hazard to human wellness, safety and the environment finding the chance of jobs to happen, and researching alternate solutions. This involves seting extenuations in topographic point by finding countries, where initial hazard diminution should be considered.Figure 4.1 Hazard appraisal matrixLegend1 = Very High Hazard Additional Considerations Required2 = High luck Additional Considerations Required3 = Moderate Risk Additional Considerations Recommended.4 = Possible Risk Additional Considerations at D iscretion of the Team5 = Negligible Risk Additional Considerations Not RequiredS = Severity, L = Likelihood, RR = Risk Ranking.HazardCauseConsequenceHazard MatrixExtenuationSecondLiterRRConstruction stageNoise and dustbuilding activities and truck craftImpact on local roads and the agreeableness of local occupants333On-site operation activities, care and fix of equipment, control and timing of noise emanations, informing local communityConstruction wasteLand renewal and building activities333Waste conveyance and disposal in preies for reuse or in landfillsHealth and safetyAccidents to workers and members of the local community overlook of safety ordinances and uncontrolled rise to power to the building site233Provide protective shutting, follow safety ordinances, prevent unauthorized entree to the building site by fencing and dark security guardBiodiversityLand renewal and building activitiesdevastation of the natural ecosystem at the installation site233Paving of storage and ope ration countries, drainage and effluent directionOperating stageDust productionFrom waste trucks during waste transit and handlingImpact on local roads and the agreeableness of local occupants333Pull offing of offloading processs during bringings, good houseworkNoise pollutionTruck traffic and operation of the incineratorImpact on local roads and the agreeableness of local occupants333On-site operation activities, care and fix of equipment, control of timing of noise emanations,Min 500 m off from residential countriesOdour productionWaste bringings and storageImpact on human wellness333Covered waste trucks, response hall with an automatically closed door, little negative force per unit area to forestall odour get awayingSpillage of ashLeached by surface H2O into the environing drainage systemLoss of risky waste to open H2O133Regular site cleansing, control of all processsFleeting emanationsDust, calcium hydroxide and ash, release to the air from the installingImpact on human wellnes s133Delivery and storage direction of fuels, natural stuffs, byproducts and wasteHealth and safety jeopardiesEmission of dioxins and other toxic pollutants from the stackImpact on human wellness, perchance carcinogenic and to be a tumour booster133Using activated C, modify calcium hydroxide and fabric filters to command dioxin emanationsContinuous monitoring and describing emanations of NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, HCL, TOC from the stack,CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONSDecisionThe proposed undertaking of an Incineration works installing near the Loch of Skene could ensue in inauspicious environmental impacts on really sensitive loch ecosystems. The local community is besides at hazard of possible impacts of pollutants released from the stack of the waste incinerator. There is a high hazard with allowing issues because the Loch of Skene is a Site of Special Scientific Interest ( SSSI ) , Special Protected Area ( SPA ) and Ramsar Site.RecommendationsThe site of incinerator should be moved to th e bing landfill ( for illustration, the Crows Nest Landfill Site, Banchory, an one-year capacity of 74,000 metric tons ) , where the location is already far from the communities and will non upset them because its operation is the same as that of the landfill operation it would besides cut down the cost.It is suggested that the apply incineration procedure should be designed to retrieve energy from the waste processed by bring forthing electricity and/or heat to be used on site and exported off site.It is suggested impersonal nomenclature, the MSW Processing Plant should be applied alternatively of the MSW Incineration Plant .The Design and Architecture of the Plant should non resemble a typical incineration works.The sum of incinerated waste should non transcend the landfill capacity.Hazardous waste should be separated before waste is burned in the incinerator.The pollutant control engineering should be applied to command the sum of emanations and their contents based on the P ollution Prevention and Control ( Scotland ) Regulations 2000.Figure 5.1 Waste Management Facilities Landfill ( Scotland ) Crows Nest Landfill location, Banchory

Managing Resources Essay

The submiting pick I have chosen is lickually also use as an ice breaker for a slighton and then used to build on learners communication, reading and understanding skills. The task is used to put students under a time constraint to roll in the hay a task of ready and answering simple and possibly trick questions in a short time frame. This election is not used in a way to trick students but used to then get them to reflect on their ready and interpretation of a question. For example, the first part of the document tell them what they must do and this also asks them to use the space sooner the number to write their answers.Many students do not do this and proceed to write their answers at the end of the question. When a student is under stress, they may be able to encounter skills in much less than the usual time. This is the guess also used in military basic training. It is known as Quick Learning Under Pressure, it reduces the time it takes to learn a skill through study. This theory has been interpreted under many different ways and Ann Dupuis suggests that under pressure students will gain new skills without fetching time to study.Her theory goes onto describe how a Physician caught on a battlefield will under pressure help other people and learn surgery to assist other. I feel this adapts itself to my resource. Many students do not know how to adapt their skills under a timed period such as an exam and placing them under pressure for a short period of 5 minutes will get them later to reflect on their actions. This schooling resource however may not be suitable to all students and it is not always used where I am aware of slow reader or maybe people who suffer with dyslexia.The choice to use this is based upon concourse dynamics and ability. When I thought of designing this resource I took into account how learners who complete this task plunder reflect on each question and question other peer group member answers. This then is reflected withi n Kolbs estimate on the learning cycle. Kolb works on a four stage cycle of Concrete Experience, Reflective observation, Abstract C at one timeptualization and Active Experiment. The experience place of things is the student actual having to complete the task. The reflective observation is covered by completed a group review of the answers.So at the end of the 5 minutes I will lead the students through the questions and statement finding out the students answers and getting them to reflect both personally and as a group on what they had originally written. Now they are reflecting are they changing their mind about the answers? Do they see their initial error when reading the question? The third stage Abstract Conceptualization is then covered by the students looking at the task and ideas or concepts of others around them. The other student interpretation of the questions.The student will then process this information and is able to make a more informed decision. Final the Active E xperiment part. 9/10 students compliments a copy to take a way and try on friends and family so they can put their new skills or understanding into practise of others. This theory is adapted from Kolbs 2006 theory which he updated added extra reasoning behind the 4 main stages. The learning resource once we have gone through the answers can now have the idea and new acquired skills in practising exam questions or exam papers under timed conditions.It also teaches the students not to read something once and immediately think the understand what is being asked of them. When I am moving on from this learning resources onto practise exams I am conscience of the different learning styles I have in the room. I have to ask myself what type of learning styles I have in the room. Do I have the reflector, the theorist, the activist or the pragmatist? The understanding behind this is designed by Honey & Mumford. They came up with these 4 titles. Reflectors like to stand back and look at a s potlight from different perspectives.They like to collect data and think about it carefully before coming to any conclusions. They enjoy observing others and will listen to their views before offering their own. Theorists adapt and integrate observations into complex and logically sound theories. They think problems through in a step by step way. They tend to be perfectionists who like to fit things into a rational scheme. They tend to be detached and analytical rather than subjective or emotive in their thinking. Activists like to be involved in new experiences.They are open minded and enthusiastic about new ideas but get bored with implementation. They enjoy doing things and tend to act first and consider the implications afterwards. They like working with others but tend to hog the limelight. And finally Pragmatists are keen to try things out. They want concepts that can be apply to their job. They tend to be impatient with lengthy discussions and are practical and down to earth . The one good thing about this resource is as long as I have it on paper to hand out (good planning) I dont neediness any other resource or technology.I have used this learning resource as a back up lesson in the past when either our computer systems have gone down, or I have arrived at a venue that does not have ICT facilities of some way of showing resources on a smart board or projector. This learning resource is shared out so widely. As mentioned earlier many students ask for a copy to take away with them so I ensure I always have spares to hand to give out and share the experience. Even if it is just for fun. The main learning outcomes are to show the students that they need to read the question carefully, even if under pressure.To look out for trick questions or two part questions. And finally extracting the information out of the question that is not relevant to exactly what is being asked of them. In relation to legal requirements, this learning resources has been adapted from a many similar styles. I have used a number of my own questions, however I have added questions I have seen elsewhere and this includes from magazine riddles for fun and other websites. This resource has been changed several times and questions replaced with what I felt where better one to get the students thinking more.This then I believe fall under my Intellectual property right. This is the ownership of ideas or work. right of first publication is different as copyrighted material means information created by someone else and a you are not allowed to copy it without the owner permission which may incur costs. An easy understanding of this would be music. If I brought a cd from a store and copied it onto a blank disc and then sold it I would be breaking copy right laws as I am selling something someone else owns. This is the same with learning materials.

Elphaba from “Wicked” by Gregory Maguire Essay

Analyze the Main CharacterThe main character named Elphaba, in the clean Wicked, raises the debate to whether evil is inherited genetically or developed by social injustice. Elphaba, having been born with a pale green climb tone and razor sharp teeth was automatically rejected by society at birth. As she grew older she developed a vast knowledge of the world somewhat her which led her desire to be influential towards the greater good. Even though her intentions were genuinely efficacious she was labeled wicked due to the narrow views on eccentricity end-to-end society. This is the conflict in which Elphaba was to succumb in order to fulfill her desire to better the world.Elphaba was born a munchkinlander to the reverend of a unionist church and the daughter of a wealthy family. Even though she was born to a promising background she was destined for failure due to birth defects. Elphaba was born with green skin and razor sharp teeth because of a green elixir in which her mother i ngested in large quantities during the pregnancy. These abnormal traits caused even the narrow minds of her parents to have hatred for her her parents were afraid of her at first but later learned to love her for she had become an extremely kind and loving person. She was born with a negative intension to her name which could possibly dampen her future.Despite the constant badgering and scrutinizing due to her irregularities Elphaba developed a mind of phenomenal capacity. Her father spent much sequence tutoring her in her younger years and teaching her to love knowledge. With this love for knowledge she excelled in public schooling and was accepted with full decoration to attend Shiz University. regard to attend Shiz to develop her brain she was soon discovered to be that of a witch with potential to develop amazing powers. She was then lead on by the head mistress madam Morrible to pursue her powers and then later to engage in a meeting with the wizard of Oz.Now, having develop ed a great sorcerous ability, Elphaba was to meet the wizard who she thought could be able to sustain her fulfill her desire to better the world. To her surprise, it was revealed that the wizard had no power at alland with the help of madam Morrible planned to use Elphaba as the power in order to fuel his own dictatorship. Elphaba quickly rejected the wizards proposal and went into hiding promptly. In doing so the wizard persuaded society that she was wicked because of her abnormal looks and that she was capable of destroying their Land of Oz.Society surged against Elphaba killing everyone and everything she ever loved. This drove Elphaba to lose all control and use her godlike magical powers to harm the society that rejected her. This could be considered the point in which Elphaba fulfilled her title as wicked.Elphaba was born to abnormal looks with a kind breast but later became wicked because of the cruel behavior of society. If she were only given the chance to prove her int entions she may have succeeded in improving the status of the world. further due to the evil intentions of the wizard her life was thus written as the wickedest of them all.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Essay

By Gregg Keizer Courtesy of TechWeb News Even as spyware has become a seedy word and users have been bombarded with stories its pervasive,pernicious nature,criminals have dramatically expanded their distribution chhanels and infected and overwhelming majority of enterprise PCs anti-spyware vendor webroot said tuesday as it rolled pop its latest stats.The number of malicious sites hosting spyware has quadrupled sense the star of the year,siad Ric labored Stienon, Webroots director of treats research, and now number over 300,000 URLsOn average,enterprise PCs have 27 pieces of spyware on their hard drives,a 19 percent encrease in the last quarter alone,while a whopping 80 percent of corporate computer host at least on one instant of unwanted software,whether thats adware,spyware,or trojan horse.The actual maliciousness of it is increasing,said Stienon. theressimply more malicious activity per piece of spyware.Theyre non satisfied with making their seven cent a gossip by flooding sys tems with adware now theyre focussing on identity theft,sometimes from within an placement spywares is being used by insiders,insane hack their employer or boss.ll.do the following instruction and write your answer on space provided1.Press Ctrl+AWhat happened? The all manner of speaking that im typing is highlightened.2.be sure nothing is selected.using the muose,in the first paragraph,select or highlight with out losing the selection,hold the Ctrl key and highlight the other spywarewords on the first paragraph. What happened?3.Position the cursor at the very start of a paragraph.hold the Ctrl+shift key then press the right arrow key 3 or more times. What happened?4.position the cursor anyplace in the first paragraph.hold the shift key and click anywhere in the 3 paragraph. What happened?5.position the cursor anywhere in the first paragraph.hold the shift key and click on arrow key 3 or more times. What happened?

Amy Chua Hanna Rosen Essay

Amy Chua and Hannah resin a comparison and contrast of p arenting stylesIn recent years, Yale professor Amy Chua has careworn a great deal of attention due to her focus on a parenting style that is foreign two figuratively and literally to most western sandwich parents. This style centers on a Chinese model that Chua espouses, and that has become famous, or infamous, for the stern and rigorous practices that Chua enforced with her own two daughters. Chua has received a macroscopical amount of criticism wiz of her critics is Hannah Rosin, a prominent writer and editor. In response to Chua, Rosin outlines an alternative method of parenting. It outhouse be argued that while both Chua and Rosin are involved and devoted m separates, they have distinctly contrasting views on how to raise children. There are three areas in which this contrast can be most clearly seen attitudes to success, attitudes to self-esteem, and attitudes to satisfaction.Amy Chuas model of parenting has succe ss at its core. Chua sums up the Chinese approach to activities in this mien What Chinese parents understand is that zip is fun until youre good at it (Chua, 2011). With this as a mantra, Chua promotes an extremely rigorous approach to such activities as learning a musical instrumentate she takes that two or three hours of practicing an instrument daily is appropriate for young children. Furthermore, Chua believes that parents should non give their children any choice over which musical instruments to learn the fiddle and piano are the only acceptable choices, regardless of the childs natural talent or predilection. This approach is also evident in academics. Chua says, the enormous majority of Chinese mothersbelieve their children can be the lift out students, that academic achievement reflects successful parenting and that if children did non excel at school there was a problem and parents were non doing their job (Chua, 2011).Hannah Rosin takes a distinctly different app roach to success, one that is arguably more reflective of Western attitudes in general. Rosin says, Ms. Chua has the diagnosis of American childhood exactly backward. What privileged American children need is not more skills and rules and math drills. They need to lighten up and roam free, to read themselves in waysnot dictated by their uptight, over-invested parents (Rosin, 2011). In Rosins view, Chuas version of success is ultimately very limiting. Rosin doesnt argue that success is a negative thing in and of itself however, her looser, freer approach suggests that it can be achieved differently.Another area where Rosin and Chua differ from each other is in their approach to self-esteem and the way in which parents should treat their children. Chua openly admits that it is common for Chinese parents to make comments to their children that Western parents find reprehensible, such as Hey fatty, misplace some weight, or referring to a child as garbage (Chua, 2011). However, Chua de fends these comments by arguing that in fact, Chinese parents speak in this way because ultimately, they believe that their children are capable of being the best. She contends that Chinese children know that their parents think highly of them, and criticize them only because they have high expectations and know that their children can proper them.Hannah Rosin disagrees. She says, there is no reason to believe that calling your child lazy or stupid or worthless is a better way to motivate her to be good than some other more gentle but persistent mode (Rosin, 2011). She believes that a parents role is not to act as a harsh critic and task master, but rather to guide them through the inevitable difficulties of life that arise. Unlike Chua, Rosin is not concerned with forcing her children to be the best. Rather, she says that It is better to have a gifted, moderately successful child than a miserable high-achiever (Rosin, 2011).It is in this area, pertaining to notions of happiness t hat Chua and Rosin proceed most distinctly from each other. It can be argued that the idea of happiness is almost in all absent from Amy Chuas template. Chua says, Chinese parents believe that they know that is best for their children and therefore override all of their childrens own desires and preferences (Chua, 2011). In other words, the feelings or preference of the child as an individual are lacking completely from the Chinese framework of parenting. The childs happiness, or misery, is completely irrelevant, because theparent is the supreme authority, acting in the childs best interest. Chua claims, Its not that Chinese parents dont care about their children , just the opposite. They would give up anything for their children (Chua, 2011). However, the one thing that Chua and other parents will not give up is complete authoritarian control.Rosin takes an entirely different approach to the value of individual happiness. She observes that happiness does not come through being su ccessful furthermore, happiness is the great human quest (Rosin, 2011). Parents cannot possibly always be in a position to know what will make a child happy or not children must work out their own path to happiness (Rosin, 2011). Rosin believes that an over-emphasis on perfection will not lead to great happiness and may even create less happiness in the end.In conclusion, it is undeniable that both Amy Chua and Hannah Rosin love their children and believe that their approach to parenting is base on a desire to do what is best for those children. However, the two approaches present a sharp contrast to each other. Amy Chua believes that success, perfection and being the best are of paramount importance, and will ultimately build a childs self-esteem (Chua, 2011). Hannah Rosin is critical of the harshness of the Chinese template and argues for a gentler approach, one that takes the natural interests and talent of the child into account (Rosin, 2011). Rosin notes that the idea of enjo yment or happiness is strikingly absent from Chuas parenting style in turn, Chua observes that umpteen Western parents are disappointed with the choices that their children make in their lives (Rosin, 2011 Chua, 2011). It can be argued that both the Eastern approach and Western approach have a great deal to offer each other a wise parent knows how to walk a middle ground.

Marcus Garvey Research Paper Essay

Post-Civil war America exercised the segregation of Whites and Blacks. Originally, the aim of this division was to keep everything separate scarce equal. By the late 1800s into the 1900s, the separate besides equal motive adapted into the superiority of Whites, leaving much racial tension and limitation for the freed slaves and their ancestors. Marcus Garvey, like many social activists, had many goals to either complete this separation, or to completely relocate Americas blacks to a new place of their own.Marcus Garveys ideas of black nationalism and fighting oppression helped shape the personal identity of African Americans in the United States during the 1920s. Marcus Garvey was born on August 17, 1887 in St. Anns Bay, Jamaica. He began his career as a magazine editor by traveling and residing in Costa Rica, Panama, Jamaica, and London. He eventually began studying Law and Philosophy at Birkbeck College in London.While living in London, he founded the worldwide Negro avail As sociation and African Communities League (UNIA), which was dedicated to black racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of an independent black nation in Africa. He also became the editor of Negro World, a magazine dedicated to black nationalism, including poetry and articles about African pride and ancestry. In June 1919, Garvey founded the Black Star rip of Delaware, a shipping line for the transportation of goods and to later aid his campaign for his Back to Africa effect.After a year of success, the shipping line went bankrupt. His immediate origin failure led him to being accused of mail fraud. Investigator Edwin P. Kilroe attempted to arrest Garvey of his fraud and UNIA associations, although he had not found enough evidence to do so. After back and forth tension between Kilroe and Garvey, on October 1919 a man named George Tyler arrived to Garveys office stating Kilroe sent me. Tyler then proceeded to shoot him 4 clock with a .38-caliber revolver. Garvey was then wounded in the right leg and scalp. On August 1, 1920, Garvey proposed his Liberia Program to 25,000 people. This program was to strive for the building of colleges, industry, and railroads to create a immutable homeland for the African Americans in Liberia, Africa. In June 1923, Garvey was finally convicted of mail fraud and sentenced to five years in prison. In 1927 he was released by President Coolige, but deported back to Jamaica.Garvey finished out his years in London, creating the Edelweiss Amusement Company which helped exposed talented but financially unstable musicians and artists. He move to expose his ideas to future UNIA leaders by setting up an African philosophy school in Toronto. In 1940, Garvey had a stroke, but survived until he rake a false obituary of himself stating he had died broke, alone, and unpopular, thus leading to his fatal second stroke. Marcus Garvey died on June 10, 1940.Garveys main ideas were closely distinguished with the Pan-African mov ement in England, where he lived most of his life. His goals were to unify people of color against imperialism all over the world (McKissack 79) Works Cited McKissack, Patricia and Frederick. W. E. B Dubois. New York Franklin Watt, 1990. Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2013 .

A Better Place for a Factory

After taking every possible federal agent into consideration, Vietnam is chosen as a better alternative to build a factory instead of Croatia and Botswana. The subprogram of this report is to explain the reasons why Vietnam is an advisable choice, the selection of international aim enthronisation as entryway mode, as approximate as the danger judgement and management.When it comes to the investment in Vietnam, the obvious reason first of completely come to deports mind is cheap labour, but in this report, a deep analysis of Vietnam will be done by adopting PESTEL, which analyse from the perspectives of political spect, sparing aspect, social aspect, scientific aspect, environmental aspect, as well as legal aspect, the result turn out Vietnam is much feasible for mobile phone fictionalization than near other two countries. As to the selection of entry mode, direct investment will be the prime alternative for Vietnam, because most factors in the discriminating th eory of Dunning put forward be designatetled in Vietnam.Further assessment and solution to the probable risks will also be devoted. To put it into a nutshell, the research demonstrates the background and advantages of Vietnam as a destination to build actory, together with the decision of entry mode and risk management. Introduction Vietnam, a country which occupies an bea of 329,000 square kilometres, locates in the southeast part of Asia. 3/4 of its territory is distributed with push-down store and plateau. The number of its population is 86,160,000. As a developing country, its economy is developing rapidly. It declares trade relationship with to a greater extent than 150 countries around the international.Because of its astonishing economic growth, numerous enterprises are get interested in establishing business enterprise in this country. Vietnam has for some years now been aggressively expanding its national nfrastructure and ripening its subscriber bases across ev ery market segments. All kinds of industries are booming here, including mobile phone manufacturing industriousness. At the same time, increasing follow of international factories is entering the market and gain sustainable success. Therefore, it would be a wise choice to set a manufacturing heading in this country.Full analysis in Vietnam Political reasons As is known, Vietnam is a communist country. The government activity made a wise decision to establish a plan, which is c each(prenominal)ed doi moi, which is also called open portal policy. In order to develop the economic and attract immaterial investment, the plan includes abolishing official price controls, devaluing the ding to the prevailing market rate and so on (Embassy of the United States, 2005). Since the open door policy has been implemented, Vietnam has experience a rapid growth, also poverty in Vietnam decreased dramatically.The government ot Vietnam is continuing to make changes to maintain the pace of grow th and go on outside investment. They set an award, called Golden Dragon Awards, to honour enterprises funded by foreign investment. According to Press Release, in 2005, they adopted the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) to rank every provinces business-friendliness to equation the provinces equally. There are indications that the Vietnams government is wise and welcomes foreign investment. Economic reasons After various changes have been taken, Vietnams gross domestic product is rising dramatically and reached $121. billion in 2011(The World Bank, 2011), and its foreign investment is rapidly increasing too. As GDP growing, Vietnamese citizens incomes are increasing. On November 7, 2006, Vietnam was officially recognized by the international ommunity as the 1 50th WTO member, which means Vietnam will be bound by the international rules of law in regards to trade, the market potential is substantial and US firms idler benefit from these. Investors of the States believe that Vietnam would become the next Asiatic Tiger. More than $3 billion investment flowed into Vietnam after Vietnam and America re-established diplomatic relations.Vietnam is Asias second fastest growing economy after China, and Vietnam will become the worlds 17th largest economy by 2025 (S. Karmel, 2008). Vietnam also has abundant graphic resources, so it is good place for manufacturing business. Factory investment continues to pour into Vietnam, even faster than China and India (fgurel) Figurel accessible reasons In Vietnam, much than 95% of the population can write and read. English has been the second language in Vietnam and is taught at the high school level, which means training workers is much easier than in Botswana. The population aged 65 and over accounted for only 5. %, and the labour force accounted for 60% of the total population, with an average age of only 24. 5 years old. Low cost for skilled workers is the main reason why we choose Vietnam, bandage Chinese wages ar e still less than $1 n hour, factory workers in Vietnam earn as little as $50 a month for a 48-hour workweek, including Saturdays(Clemen, 2006). Technological reasons According to National avocation Estimate Report (2012), the upstart test and assembly plant is being built in Ho Chi Minh City and will be completed in 2013, employing more than 2,400 workers eventually.For example, in Vietnam, Nike has been employing more than 150,000 people since 2002. When Intels factories finished, Vietnam will have a high tech manufacturing factory, except clothing and footwear assembly. Other recent high-tech firms include Fujitsu, Canon and Toshiba. Our factory will get benefits from this. Environmental reasons It isobvious that in the situation of global economic integration, phones are not made by one factory, and most components of phones are come from different countries.Screens commonly come from South Korea and chips come from Taiwan, while the flash memory mostly comes from Japan. Viet nam is close to these countries, and Shipping from Vietnam to America is 7% to 9% cheaper than from its neighbours. Finally, stand within Vietnam continues to improve to support developing industries. The road network has increase in quality and more than doubled in length since Electricity is available in all urban areas and in 88% ot rural households, and improved water supplies are accessible to 49% of the population, up 23% from 1993 (The World Bank).Investments in infrastructure accounts for 10% of Vietnams GDP in 2010, this high level investment will continually improve infrastructures of Vietnam. Legal reasons Mr. Shu (2010), the chief financial officer of Texhong, said, Communism means more stability, it is a common view among Asian executives. At least a few American executives agree, although they neer say so on the record.In order to maintain social security, Vietnamese government does not encourage employees to strike, they take labour disputes and strikes seriously, often take the initiative and come forward to deal with them, hoping that both employers and employees are properly handled to avoid large-scale strikeo Vietnam formulated the Foreign Investment Law in 1987, the law includes In Vietnam, co-operation enterprise can be carried out in cooperation with a foreign-owned enterprise or establishing a new foreign-owned enterprise for the companies engaged in mechanical and electronic parts roduction, there is a five-year exemption from the ware of raw materials, supplies, spare parts import tax. In order to attract more investment for foreign investors, Vietnamese government requires the local government to simplify and reduce unnecessary procedures, and also seriously deal with corruption. Mode of Entry International direct investment is recommended as a mode of entry in this report. The definition of direct investment is that a country invests into another country establishing operations or getting tangible assets, including risks in othe r businesses (Maitena Ducel, Banco de Espana, 2003).Reasons why we choose this mode of entry is based on the eclectic theory of (Dunning, 1993), which will be analyzed in detail in the followers part. Three aspects can affect a partnerships decision regarding entry mode, namely, ownership, location, and internalization. 1 . Ownership advantages From the perspective of ownership, we use international direct investment as the mode of entry to Vietnam is reasonable. The first factor that should be taken into consideration is that our corporation owns the whole technology of mobile phone manufacturing and the patent of phones are belong to us, so there is no take on to use oint venture, which may cause profits and technology outflow. Phones remarkable achievement is a good example. Furthermore, compare with Vietnam, our company owns relatively mature and advanced management skills in this area, so if we do not choose direct investment as the mode of entry, it will bring unnecessary contradiction and conflict of opinions to us when we make decisions about the management of our phone factory. 2. Location advantages In Dunnings theory, he suggested that the location is the strike point when we use direct investment. Due to the high cost of human resource of the United States, anufacturing industry is no longer competitive in US as before. In contrast, Vietnam owns many advantages.Vietnam is located in the south area of Asia-Pacific region, near Japan, Taiwan and China, which means factory in Vietnam could get in global production cooperation. Asia-Pacific region enjoys a huge potential market, especially China. The world first large population will likely to provide the market for the mobile tlrm set in Vietnam. This market- seeking motive point also comes trom the theory ot Buckley and Casson(Buckley and Casson, 1998). (Vandemoortele, Milo Bird, Kate, 2010). Besides this factor, the cheap and abundant labour resources are available is another advantage for bui lding factory in Vietnam. Also, the Vietnamese government provides plenty of incentive policy for advance foreign direct investment, such as exemption of import tax.Based on these location advantages, we choose international direct investment. 3. Internalization Our firm is based in the United States. With the abundant experience in managing transnational business, the firm is able to internalize the Vietnamese local situation and take the most advantage of all those merits and decrease the cost. By August 2005, Vietnam had 5,618 foreign-investment projects, and with the total capitalization at $49 billion in the country, while the direct investment had reached $3. 2 billion by the end of July 2005(Clemen, 2006). According these data, we believe choosing direct investment as the mode of entry to Vietnam is a reasonable and promising choice.Risk Assessment and Risk Management In spite of the advantages of Vietnam, risks still exist. Risks can be divided into several parts as follow. Environment risk in Vietnam is about its climate change and natural disaster. Like Philippines and Cambodia, Vietnam is a coastal country that requently suffers from cataclysm like Typhoon, storm, earthquake and Tsunami, which may lead to some economic risks. For example, in 2012, the flood in Indonesia resulted in the shutdown of the hard disks workers and then led to upward price in hard drives globally. This may determine in Vietnam, too. However, this risk can be prevented if handled before the disaster happens.For instance, the company can consult experts of geology to let a proper position to build factories (upland or dry area). And the building materials should be chosen carefully to stand against those isasters, for example, reinforced concrete. The structure of building also need to be paid attention to, earthquake proof and storm proof construction would be a smart choice. Apart from the environmental risk, technological risks also exist. Although economy is develop ing rapidly in Vietnam with the gradually mature infrastructure system, it still confronted with some problems, including delayed port and other infrastructure, and depends heavily on its neighbour countries for transhipments. Eric Johnson, American Shipper, 2013)However, this sort of risk can be handled in nother way. The US mobile manufacturing firm can set the plants in the manufacturing district where infrastructure is relatively mature. In this case, the risk can be avoided. Furthermore, geopolitical risks should be considered in this report. As mentioned supra in the analysis of mode of entry, Vietnam is one of the worlds four remaining single-party socialist states, and it is highly government orient in terms of culture and medium. ( Vuong, Q. H. Dam, V. N,Van Houtte, D. and Tran, T. D. Dec. 2011). This may result in corruption in the company. Regarding the risk of the ompany, the following advice can be put forward.First of all, transparency of the companys management sho uld be improved, which includes holding stockholders meeting at tied(p) intervals, selecting the representatives of the staffs. Additionally, supervising and monitoring system should be improved in the company. W more, election of the leaders of the company should be honest, fair and regularly. In addition, in terms of societal risks, the income inequality leads to regular strike in Vietnam. Like China, Vietnam does not offer complete tranquillity either. For instance, workers re becoming more vocal and represent more strikes, despite a government ban on independent unions. Nearly 20,000 workers walked out this leap at a Nike shoe factory run by a Taiwanese contractor.Only when given a 10 percent raise to $55 a month and the workers went back to work. In this case, it is not sticky to find an appropriate solution. Firstly, make sure the rest time of the staff. Specifically, two days weekend and 8 hours working hours should be guaranteed, with overtime offered diploid salary. Sec ondly, incentive and encouragement in public shall be given to stimulate the motivation of the staff. Thirdly, company managers should keep in track of the thoughts of the staffs, how they are satisfied with their working situation, what they need etc. Fourthly, improving the welfare of the workers, for example, providing adequate subsidiaries and health insurance will help to reassure the public.Conclusion To summing up up, choosing Vietnam as the destination of mobile phone manufactory is more advantageous than Croatia and Botswana, which means fewer obstacles, more opportunities, more support, and more resources. Though it comes along with some risks, they can be avoided by many in effect(p) measures.

Tutorial on Alligation

Tutorial exclusivelyigation I This is a copy on a word document. A few members pee-pee stick on that they could not open the original that was posted on August 4, 2002 as a Created school text File. The following is an accept duplicate The following is a dilution problem, solved by using an alligation method. to see this problem solved by using ratio/ equaliser please see a Tutorial called Tutorial on Dilution Using the Ratio / Proportion mode Problem The doctor has ordered 60ml of a 12% solution of a specific drug (Rx). However, on the shelf you have only 30% (Availability or Av).What can you do? or use quite? Answer Dilute the stronger 30% with WATER to make a 12% solution Calculation Alligation or Ratio/Proportion mode This Tutorial is by using the Alligation method only. For the Ratio Proportion Method Please see the Tutorial on Dilution Using the Ratio / Proportion Method Begin by drawing a Tic Tac Toe diagram NOTE WATER has NO drug in it. because the percentage (%) of drug is 0%. 1. Place the high in the upper left. (H) 2. Place the lowest in the lower left. (L) 3. Place the middle or what you are going to make in the middle. (M) 4. cypher H L and it becomes (both) the denominators. 30-0=30 5. Subtract H M and it becomes the numerator of the lower right corner. 30- 12=18 6. Subtract M L and it becomes the numerator of the upper right corner. 12-0=12 7. Check point 12 + 18 = 30, 30 over 30 = 1 or 30/30 = 1 Note in the coming(prenominal) doing other alligations If your answer is one or 1 then you may proceed with a jet plane light to the next step Your alligation should look like this 12 30% X 60 ml = 24 ml of 30 % solution 30 12% 18 % X 60 ml = 36 ml of WATER (0 % solution) 30 = 60 ml of 12% solution Dear All With the ability of this new site to keep the graphic or design of the tic tac toe, I have been satisfactory to enhance it here on a File attachment. The lines of the alegation stay straight Jeanetta Mastron copyright July 18, 2002 T he higher up is an exact copy/duplicate of the Created Text File on a word document. A few members have posted that they could not open the original that was posted on August 4, 2002 as a Created Textr File.The above is an exact duplicate. The following is the original date it was posted, the original subsume that is STILL on the site with the Created Text File, and a Print Screen which sustains the original posted date. Original post date Aug4,2002 Original link of JeanettasPTCBStudyGroup http//f1. grp. yahoofs. com/v1/AMLVSb6aO3208cFhgB9h90haDMQjWFAZpRWYP9pgHo88xiQ8ZLvqBwWiBIDp pIEkkCdYpiUxP5thnV6nJHq6/5-%20Tutorial-1%20%26%20Study%20Information/S%208-%20Math%20Tutorials%20Only/Alligations/Tutorial%20on%20Allegations%20I This is the original and current description of the Created Text ofTutorial on Allegations I Learn how to dilute a strong solution with WATER using the Allegation methodas describe by Jeanetta Mastron CPhT, Founder of the PTCB Study Group . To learn how to do t his with the Ratio-Proportion Method see the Tutorial on Dilutio using Ratio/Proportion Method copyright July 2002 by Jeanetta Mastron This is a print screen to prove that this was posted earlier. pic Please note the correct spelling of the word is Alligation. pic Notice the dates Original Sept 21, 2003 sound out Copy Apr 3, 2009 Updated Word May 23, 2009

Strategic risks †thinking about them differently Essay

One of the most big aspects to put into retainer when taking up a confinement is construe peril counselling. A project happeniness is an example / condition, which is uncertain that, upon it occurrence brings either a positive or a negative impact on the project. A positive manager should consider this as one of the ten knowledge areas where competence is exceedingly regarded. lay on the line oversight is critical, especi wholey to organizations massageing in multi-project environments and the maturity for venture is high (Loftus, 1999). A vast range of risks is apparent when prepareing in projects involving facial expression among other engineering work. These risks are mostly attributed to presidential term policy, diversity in stakeholders aspirations and the challenges of adding multiple projects. For a good risk counselling attend to, in that location must be a clear statement and understanding of roles and responsibilities, proper skills on technical digest and the prevailing organisational work outs should support the project. proletariat risk worry involves identifying, assessing and prioritizing of risks and thereafter putting picks to use in order to reduce, monitor and control those risks that could affect the project negatively and increase realizing of opportunities (Jaafari, 2001). This report seeks to outline the knowledge acquired on management of risk in projects among other basic knowledge gathered on management of projects.Discussion either organizations exist for their own different single-valued functions, and that of creation engineering organizations in the construction business, the purpose is to deliver a service, which brings a honest result in the public/ stakeholders interest (Harrison, 2004). Decisions to pump resources into authorisements on capital radix are prompted by needs that are meant to enhance the achievement of the major purpose. According to Flanagan and Norman (1993), the benefits of good risk management are evident especially in projects involving capital infrastructure because they are self-propelling in nature and bring positive cost implications from the construction related decisions. Risk management should be taken as an intrinsic part of capital infrastructure investment decisions mainly because, as project, ventures communicate more elaborate, the role of risk management is exemplified (Kutsch & Hall, 2010). Regarding this realization, some countries have enacted government policies on constructors emphasizing on the need to incorporate risk management in capital infrastructure schemes (Uher & Loosemore, 2004). Risk is therefore, in numerous occasions, viewed as a condition or even upt whose occurrence will have adverse effects on the project and may hinder the attainment of manage objectives. Hence, risk management relates decisions to such probable harmful effects (Chapman et al, 2012).This philosophical approach to risk management enables the p rocess to be broken have into four fundamental sub-processes (Culp, 2001). These involve designation, analysis, resolution and monitoring. The former pure tone of identification is the most critical step because it has the biggest effect on decisions emanating from the process of risk management. Reviewing risk management, in his article, Williams (1995), notes that there is little structured work in publication about typical risks. According to Chapman (1998), as much as risk identification is critical on the risk assessment and response phases, very little empirical evidence is gettable at this early phase. The heavier task in risk management remains in the analysis and response to the risk, insofar the reasoning stands that unless the risks are identified, they cannot be analyzed and responded to.For most engineers, the need to have a make out out computer platformme is critical for it provides an umbrella under which all current projects fall so that an issue can be d elivered massively in general, and greater than the total sum of all others. A program is usually temporary, and flexible created to direct and oversee the implementation of a set of related projects and activities for the deliverance of beneficial outcomes that relate to the organizations strategic objectives. Several projects are undertaken under this umbrella. This explicitly differentiates between program management outcomes and project management outputs. However, there is a link between projects and strategy through the program. Risk management is becoming an increasingly important process due to external pressures in existence. However, good risk management is seen as a critical attribute of organizational success in the field of engineering. The laying claim that programs are merely extensions of projects should cease to exist because many will tend to reflect program risk management to project risk management ( onlyan, 2008). Program management is a broad extension of the varied, yet related, projects.On projects, it is important to define one or more objective functions like capital expense and completion prison term to represent it to measure the chance of achieving the set targets. Risk management then goes on to model the projects objectives against the projects variables like costs and the quantity of inputs. These variables are usually uncertain as cadence goes on, hence the skepticism of a hundred percent achievement of the objectives set. The most ideal station would be identifying and characterizing the variables in advance providing that they will remain unchanged by sentence. This would make it easy to regard the possible risks and the consequent variance of the projects objective(s). However, not all project variables can be identified as new variables might surface as the project goes on while the probability of occurrence of the initial variables may vary (Kerzner & Saladis, 2009). The impacts of the initial variables, both posi tive and negative, may change too hence making risk management even more hard (Drummond, 1999).Certainty and uncertainty of realizing a projects objectives are measurable, only ideally. The possibility of a project not breaking even could be considered as a representative of the whole project and then used in knock over to evaluate against the variable and try to reduce the risks involved. This becomes a basis for decision-making. Some projects may proceed usually in a stable environment, hence making the uncertainty high at the time it is conceptualized. Pro-active be after and making prudent decisions will see the uncertainty reduce (Royer, 2001). However, uncertainty in complex projects indoors a changing environment will not necessarily reduce/ diminish as time goes by Chapman (1998). It is necessary to keep on checking on the projects variables and re-evaluating of the objective functions status to facilitate adjustments in the projects strategies. Uncertainty surrounds m any parts of a project hence early resolution of variables may not be possible always. Variables change over time leading to exposure to new threats and risks along the way. This fact should not be refuted and a lot of work is required in the be after evaluating phases, where most of the critical work is done. In spite of all the uncertainty and complexity surrounding risk management and project management, it is important to seek methods of improving the projects base value (Drummond, 1999).Conceptualization, planning, and implementation of a project are complex process that requires management ground on set strategic objectives, which vary from time to time. The objectives should be integrative and holistic in the mother wit that it caters for social, political, environmental, and community aspects (Sears et al, 2010). Traditionally, planning in project management should form the basis of planning, alongside other functions of project management including human resource, time, scope, integration, quality and procurement. These should be the fundamental factors f consideration along each phase. A variety of guidebooks, protocols and codes of practice in the engineering field have been make available for use in risk management in project management. In the United Kingdom, the Orange book is a mannequin that is set to offer guidance on basic risk management concepts and as a resource for developing risk management processes and implementing them I the public sector (Aritua et al 2011). It is also aimed at victimization a risk based decision-making on investment. There have been many more publications and publications aimed at dictating till risk management should look like. These guidelines have offered a basis upon which projects are appraised and their investment viability tested. This has enhanced the process and shifted its reception and perception from project risk management to a risk management strategic direct (Melton, 2011).In engineering and co nstruction professions, program management and project management came to existence due to the changing procurement environment (Cox et al 2006). In the United Kingdom, procurement of infrastructural assets was done in a serial manner, which involved a clear differentiation in the project life cycle phases. Currently there are three major procurement systems. These systems are prime contracting, Design and Build procurement and esoteric Finance Initiative (Aritua et al 2011). These methods were because of the need to adopt integrative and collaborative project delivery methods. The procurement systems have features like framework agreements, the use of specifications that are output based, and more importantly, emphasis on the long value of the structures (Shehu and Akintoye, 2009). The office of Government Commerce has facilitated the change in construction procurement in the public sector too. The agencys main agenda is to ensure that policies are followed and enhancing promoti on of the best slaying practices. These systems ensure that the project undertaken is of high quality and regard set policies and guidelines. These sanctions in the public works and construction sector have acted as strategic risk management tools for they ensure quality assurance as well as proper quality management. stomach management should incorporate the use of a strategy-based management approach. This will facilitate the integration of planning, risk management and decision-making hence ensuring real time real time realization of an optimum of the projects strategic objective against its variables (Schmidt, 2009). The projects promoters are not always the investors. Investors are not always actively involved in the management of the project, but invest resources into the project hoping to get dividends. The promoters objective, on the other hand, is to deliver a facility that will ensure a long term balanced and financially viable business entity. The project is therefore a compromise between the attainment of investors interests and that of the community (Pinto & Morris, 2010). Project development should be based on a set of strategic objectives, which stamp the project as a business and entwining project decisions to strategic business decisions (Wearne, 1989). Amid all risks, the project should be planned proactively regarding its variables and with a focus on the life cycle objective functions (Westland, 2007). All life cycle functions should be observed. These are financial functions, customer satisfaction, and policy observance/ adherence to statutory concerns. Statutory concerns could be like those regarding projects adjacent to ecological systems or highly populated areas (Jha, 2011). Proactive planning of the project ensures real time minimization of risk. Effective risk management ensures that there is typical conceptualisation of projects and their subsequent implementation using strategic objectives. It also ensures any further variables a re assessed and managed accordingly to optimise the projects strategic outcome, that which of a business entity (Heagney, 2011). Since projects are subjected to changes in objectives and variables due to external factors, it is important to incorporate a continuous risk management process that involves continuous risk and uncertainty management process breedinged in real time to bring value to the project manager. Strategies do from risk analysis are a basis upon which decision-making is based going forward. Objectives of the life cycle are the vessel for analysis. good practices are important factors to put into consideration when taking up/ procuring a project (Ralf et al, 2014). There exists codes of conduct and these codes may vary depending on the government regulations from one country to another. These codes guide management of projects, operations and watchfulness of work, and the technical aspect of the project, which is building. Since the work done is of great importa nce, the designed code of conduct and ethical measures should be used as they set standards for the output as well as achieving business objectives with the community in regard (Haukur et al, 2011). Reflective assessmentGroup activities that included vast investigate and throng projects were vital in broadening my understanding of the project management speculation, which of great importance to establishing and undertaking successful projects. According to turner (1993), scope management is what the project management theory regards. Scope management involves three fundamental issues ensuring that an equal amount of work has been done, avoiding doing any unnecessary work and ensuring that the work done fulfills the intended business purpose as stated. The recognition of the sequential state in which activities are undertaken helped us as a group in determining what had to be done at a feature time and by what particular persons as well as accounting for what had been spent on fatd work in prognostication of costs that would be accrued in the next steps. I came to understand project management by likening it to production operations management. The crystallization of project management theory to operations management theories made it easy for us to recognize the resounding reliance on the transformational theory, which is production oriented. This is because project management involves injecting inputs on which transformational processes occur to bring the result, which is the output (Nell, 1998). Goals are set on the output, upon which a basis for control is located control systems are put in place to ensure activities align with achieving intended goals and putting approach measures in place. This deep understanding of the theory has been enhanced mainly by the critical analysis and colloquy that we have engaged ourselves with in the group to widen knowledge on the process. Relevant knowledge on management theories on planning, execution and contro l has expanded from these activities as well as project theories pertaining give ear of production (which projects have been likened with) (Sulliman, 2014). These productions method include incorporating techniques such as lean production and just in time (JIT) (Gilbereath, 1922). Ethical practices in governance for contemporary organizations are also a major factor for consideration (Ralf et al, 2014). Conclusively, exploration on the area of project management has instilled in me management skills, which are very critical in handling projects and managing every aspect in them including risk.ReferencesAllan, N., Davis, J., 2006. Strategic risks thinking about them differently.Proceedings of codswallop 159Aritua B., Nigel J. Smith, Denis Bower (2011) International Journal of Project Management. United Kingdom University of LeedsChapman, C. B., Ward, S., & Chapman, C. B. (2012). How to manage project opportunity and risk Why uncertainty management can be a much better approach tha n risk management the updated and re-titled 3rd ed of Project risk management, processes, insights and technoiques. Chichester, West Sussex Wiley.Cox, A., Ireland, P., & Townsend, M. (2006). Managing in construction supply shackles and markets Reactive and proactive options for improving performance and relationship management. London Thomas Telford.Culp, C. L. (2001). The Risk Management act Business Strategy and Tactics. hot York John Wiley & Sons.Drummond H 1999. Are we any closer to the end Escalation and the sideslip of Taurus? International Journal of Project ManagementFlanagan, R., & Norman, G. (1996). Risk management and construction. Oxford u.a., Blackwell intelligence.Gilbreath, R. D. (1992). Managing construction contracts Operational controls for technical risks. New York Wiley.Harrison, F. L., & Lock, D. (2004). Advanced project management A structured approach. Aldershot, England Gower.Haukur, I. J., & Ingason, H. T. (2013). Project ethics. Farnham, Surrey Gower .Heagney, J. (2011). Fundamentals of Project Management. New York AMACOM.Jaafari A. (2001) International Journal of Project Management. Sydney University of SydneyJha, K. N. (2011). Construction project management Theory and practice. New Delhi Dorling Kindersley.Kerzner, H., & Saladis, F. P. (2009). Project management workbook and PMP/CAPM exam study guide. Hoboken, N.J Wiley.Kutsh E. &Hall M. (2010) International Journal Paper of Project Management. United KingdomLoftus, J. (1999). Project management of multiple projects and contracts. London Thomas Telford.Means, J. A., & Adams, T. (2005). Facilitating the Project Lifecycle the Skills & Tools to Accelerate Progress for Project Managers, Facilitators, and Six Sigma Project Teams. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons. http//www.123library.org/book_details/?id=9130.Melton, T. (2008). Real project planning developing a project delivery strategy. Amsterdam, Butterworth-Heinemann.Nell, E. J. (1998). The general theory of transformational growth Keynes after Sraffa. New York Cambridge University Press.Pinto, J. K., & Morris, P. (2013). The wiley guide to project, program, and portfolio management. Hoboken, N.J Wiley.Ralf M., Rodney T., Erling S.A, Jingting S., Oyvind K. (2014). Ethics, Trust, and Governance in Contemporary Organizations. Norway Project Management appointRoyer, P. S. (2001). Project risk management A proactive approach. Vienna, Virg Management Concepts.Schmidt, T. (2009). Strategic project management made simple Practical tools for leaders and teams. Hoboken, N.J John Wiley & Sons.Sears, S. K., Sears, G. A., & Clough, R. H. (2010). Construction Project Management A Practical drop dead to Field Construction Management. New York John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Shehu, Z., Akintove, A., 2010. Major challenges to the successful implementationand practice of programme management in the constructionenvironment a critical analysis. International Journal of Project ManagementSuliman Saleh Al Fredi (2014) International Journ al of Science and Technology. Saudi Arabia Al Qassim UniversityUher, T. E., & Loosemore, M. (2004). Essentials of construction project management. Sydney UNSW Press.Westland, J. (2007). The project management life cycle a complete step-by-step methodology for initiating, planning, executing & closing a project successfully.Williams, T., 1995. A classified bibliography of recent research relating to project risk management. European Journal of Operational ResearchZhang Lianying et al (2012) Procedia Engineering. China Tianjin UniversitySource memorial

Taylor Swift

Making A Difference Make a donation, lend a hand, be a supporter, and you forget make a difference When populate think of the word alms heavy(a) or donate, they automatically think of property, am i right? Not only does donating money to charities and foundations serve, however giving your time and effort as well. There are numerous ways for people to give back. With all of these different charities and foundations our world is a better place for everyone. Without undefended-handed people, having charities and different foundations would not be a choice.Be a generous person and give freely without expectations of recieving anything in return. There are more famous people that donate to different charities and foundations, one person that I am going to go into detail about is Taylor Swift. I really like Taylor Swift, she is a country singer, and her music has make a great impact on my life. When I was growing up I always wanted to be like her, she was my rolemodel In seventh g rade I done research on her, and she was always giving to other people, which shows that she is a generous person.She has supported twenty-one different charites and foundations throughout her lifetime, and plans on contributing to some(prenominal) more Taylors mother and nanna were a big influence on Taylors country singing career. Taylors grandmother was an opera singer, and her mother helped her in various ways. When Taylor was young she performed at talent shows, festivals, fairs, and karaoke contests. She had won money from these events and she salvage it, having romances and big hopes of becoming a country singer.With help from her parents to pay for everything, Taylors family made it happen Taylor Swift was born(p) on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania and moved to Wyomissing, Pennsylvania when she was nine. At fourteen years aged Taylor moved to Nashville, Tennessee to begin a career in country music. In 2003, she signed to Big shape Records. At that time, Tay lor was the youngest song writer ever hired by Sony/ATV Publishing House. Taylor attended high naturalize at Aaron Academy, a Christian school in Hendersonville, Tennessee. She graduated from Aaron Academy in 2008.Taylor has not made a decision whether or not she will go to college, right now she is pursuing her dream of being a country singer/songwriter. Ever since Taylor has began her career, she has donated money to many different organizations. Some of them allow Children in Need, Clothes Off Our Back, Feeding America, hoagiees in Heels, Music for Relief, Red Cross, and Wish Upon a Hero Foundation. Taylor does not donate money just to make herself look good, she does it because the charities and foundations she donates to are meaningful to her.There are many reasons as to why Taylor chose to donate to these organizations some of them being, homelessness, disaster relief, human rights, poverty, abuse, and cancer. If you have not realized Taylor is not a greedy human being. On September 21, 2007, Taylor launched a campaign to protect children from online predators. Following that in 2008 she donated 100,000 dollars to Red Cross for the victims of the Iowa flood. In 2009 she performed a concert for Children in Need on BBC and donated 13,000 dollars to that organization.Responding to the 2010 flood Taylor donated 500,000 dollars to help different communities get back on their feet. The money that Taylor has donated was raised by performing benefit concerts and having rehearsals open to the public. If you want to make a difference, communicate, offer your money, and devote your time. Not only will it make you have like a better person, but you will also be noticed for what you have done. Doing this will leave you with a memory that will last a lifetime. Give a little, laugh a lot, and change a life forever